International STEM Journal

Visualizing Algebra: Exploring a Gifted 3rd Grader's Problem-Solving Techniques for Enhanced Conceptual Understanding in Algebra Education

Harvinder Kaur Singh — 2023-12-31

This study delves into the world of mathematical giftedness by examining the problem-solving strategies of a gifted 3rd grader in the context of algebraic equations. The research highlights the student's proficiency in creating visual representations of mathematical problems, emphasizing the potential of visualization as a valuable teaching strategy. Notably, the use of diagrams and sketches as substitutes for traditional variables like and has been instrumental in aiding comprehension. The gifted student's unique fluency in solving equations is noteworthy, showcasing a strong grasp of underlying principles. The paper underscores the potential for a transformative shift in algebra education by introducing visual representations at an early stage, prioritizing conceptual understanding. However, it's important to acknowledge that the study's focus on a single gifted 3rd grader might limit the broader applicability of its findings to more diverse student groups. Consideration of external elements, including the student's unique background and resource constraints, could potentially influence the observed outcomes and their generalizability. While the findings suggest that the use of visual representations may offer an effective strategy for improving algebra instruction, it is important to approach these implications with caution, recognizing the need for further research and evaluation to fully understand the impact of this approach.

Synthesis and Theoretical Studies of Organic Chalcone Compound for Potential Optoelectronics Properties

Muhamad Fikri Zaini — 2023-12-31

Two organic chalcone compounds, both featuring a donor-pi-acceptor (D-π-A) configuration, specifically (E)-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-(4-phenylthiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (Ch1) & (E)-4-(3-(4-phenylthiophen-2-yl) acryloyl)benzonitrile (Ch2) were meticulously designed and synthesized using the Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction method. The resulting compounds were purified by repeated recrystallization in acetone solvent and single crystals were grown via a slow evaporation solution growth technique. This research centers on the computational modeling of these two chalcone compounds, employing Density Functional Theory (DFT). Molecular geometry, including bond lengths and bond angles, was determined from the DFT-optimized structures using the method B3LYP/6-311 G++(d,p) basis set in the ground state. Notably, the HOMO-LUMO energy gap, falling within the 3.1 to 3.4 eV range, indicates these compounds' suitability for facilitating efficient charge transfer. As a result, these specifically designed and computed materials hold great promise for potential use in optoelectronic devices due to their small energy gaps.

Implementing a Direct Assessment Strategy for Outcome-Based Education in Computer Engineering: A Case Study

Qutaiba Ibrahim Ali — 2023-12-31

This article introduces an innovative approach designed to elevate the students in the context of Outcome-Based Education (OBE). Our method is tailored to overcome the constraints associated with current assessment methodologies, offering a streamlined, all-encompassing, accurate, and insightful framework. Our study addresses the limitations of traditional direct assessment in Outcome-Based Education (OBE) by proposing a novel, data-driven approach that prioritizes efficiency, comprehensiveness, and insightful evaluation. We introduce a weighted framework that classifies course materials, prioritizes Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs), and assigns different attainment levels for modules. This allows for a streamlined final exam-based assessment with consistent rubrics, culminating in a comprehensive Student Outcome Achievement (SO%) score. Our case study in a computer engineering program demonstrates successful implementation, improved learning outcomes, and valuable insights for continuous improvement. This research paves the way for a more effective and impactful OBE assessment strategy, ultimately enhancing student learning and program accreditation.Harnessing the latest developments in educational technology and pedagogical strategies, our contribution seeks to advance the realm of OBE, nurturing ongoing enhancements in the field of education.

The Effects of Eggshell and Egg Membrane Amendments on Soil and Plant Growth

Ching Wen Wong — 2023-12-31

The management of eggshell waste poses a considerable challenge, given its contribution to environmental pollution and the squandering of valuable soil nutrients. Traditional synthetic fertilizers have resulted in soil deterioration and environmental pollution, underscoring the urgency for more sustainable alternatives. Organic fertilizers and soil enhancements present promising options by augmenting soil quality and fostering plant growth. This investigation scrutinizes the feasibility of utilizing eggshells as organic fertilizers to tackle these concerns. Through the assessment of diverse concentrations of eggshells on the development of green bean, okra, and cucumber plants, along with their impact on soil characteristics, this study advances our comprehension of the potential of eggshells in sustainable agriculture. Three different masses of eggshell amendments (20g, 40g and 60g) along with a control group (0g) are added into the soil of three plants (green bean, okra, cucumber). Findings indicate that specific eggshell concentrations exert a positive influence on plant growth, underscoring their promise as an alternative fertilizer source. Correlation analyses (0.920 < r < 0.974) underscore the robust significance of eggshell concentrations on plant height, emphasizing the importance of precise application for optimizing plant maturation. The optimized results from the study is 9.61cm, 6.83cm and 3.11cm for cucumber, okra and green bean plants respectively. While there may be constraints related to experimental procedures and resources, this study underscores the significance of eggshell amendments in sustainable agriculture, opening the door for forthcoming research and more environmentally friendly farming techniques.

The Development of Detection System for Bus Passenger Monitoring

Mohamad Dzulfirdaus Md Amin — 2023-12-31

The Bus Passenger Detector System (BPD) is a device that utilises electronic components to assist bus operators, particularly those in the travel bus industry. Passengers frequently miss the bus during R&R (Rest and Recuperation) due to the necessity for more time to attend to personal matters, such as using the lavatory or eating. In addition, abandoned belongings pose significant challenges for passengers to reclaim or may be susceptible to theft. The objective of this project is to effectively address and resolve both of the identified issues. In order to ensure the success of the project, it is essential to develop a fundamental report, such as a flowchart and schematic diagram, prior to the implementation of the product. This device is specifically engineered to deliver instantaneous data regarding the passenger count on the bus as well as the contents of the overhead storage compartment. Additionally, it can enhance the effectiveness of bus operations and enhance customer convenience by delivering up-to-the-minute data on bus capacity and the whereabouts of unoccupied seats. This project is implemented based on specific criteria, including user-friendliness, ease of installation, high quality, ease of comprehension, and affordability. The Bus Passenger Detector project is an advantageous instrument for surveilling individuals and articles on a bus.

Environmental Monitoring System for Mushroom Cultivation

Bukhari Al Hilmi Khirruzaman — 2023-12-31

The project is designed to monitor temperature and humidity for the cultivation of mushrooms. The real-time temperature and humidity are displayed using a cloud allowing users to track data from anywhere. Mushrooms need a specific temperature and humidity to make sure that the mushroom can grow perfectly. At the expansion phase of the mushroom, it will need a different temperature and humidity, it can be a bit tedious to measure the temperature and humidity in the traditional way. Any drop in the temperature and humidity level for too long will damage the quality and quantity of the mushroom. The main objective of this project is to design and develop a mushroom cultivation monitor system with a programmable reading system to inform users of the current temperature and humidity to adapt to the mushroom cultivation process. This project consists of two main components an ESP32 as a microcontroller, and BME280 for temperature and humidity sensors. All the data will be sent to Favoriot. Based on the result that we get in the data stream we can conclude that our project is working and can be used for Mushroom Cultivation Environment Monitor. The value temperature between 24 °C to 26 °C is the best temperature to cultivate mushrooms and humidity is between 78% and 95% to get the best result for mushroom cultivation.

Assessment of Malaysia School Student’s Cognitive Ability Towards the Knowledge and Understanding of pH of Human Skin Through Online STEM Activity

SUPRIYANI MUSTAMIN — 2023-12-31

Cognitive ability of students can be measured by level of questions through bloom taxonomy. This study is to assess secondary school student’s cognitive ability towards the knowledge and understanding of pH of human skin through STEM activity, entitle “pH of Human Skin: Acid or Base?” by asking them to answer 10 items online questionnaires by using Google Form after demonstrated them a mini experiment via Google Meet. 200 students around Malaysia involved in this activity; 49 lower form students, 49 Form 4 students and 122 Form 5 students. Level of item questions based on bloom taxonomy are 50% is remembering (C1), 20% is understanding (C2) and 30% is applying (C3). Based on the results, most of the students which is the lower form, form 4 and form 5 mastering on C1 rather than C2 and C3. They have knowledge and understanding about the pH, acid and base definition since they had study in Form 2. We can conclude that the students can’t relate the theory that studied in the class because of the lack of knowledge and understanding about the application of pH, acid and base in daily life.