Al-Ḍād Journal is an internationally refereed scholarly online journal published by the Department of Arabic and Middle Eastern Languages, Faculty of Languages and Linguistics, Universiti Malaya. Interest areas of research include language, literary criticism, rhetoric, grammar, semantics, sounds, dictionaries, language teaching, history of linguistics, civilization, culture, and other linguistic studies. It is published twice a year on the Web (July and December). Papers will be published in Arabic, English, and Malay. Papers on theories and practices including those on discussions of and reflections on methods, techniques and ideas useful in the classroom are welcomed. There must be critical discussions of the issues, new and significant contribution to the related field. Papers should not be less than 15 pages and not more than 25 pages. (e-ISSN: 2637-1146)
Jabatan Bahasa Arab dan Bahasa-bahasa Timur Tengah
The Artistic Depiction of Gulf War in al-Riyadh Anthology by Isa Alabi Abubakar
The Gulf War stands as one of the most painful events in modern Arab and Islamic history, producing deep political, military, economic, social, and cultural consequences. Its impact transcended the battlefield, influencing literary and artistic production across the Muslim world. Among Nigerian Arabist poets, Isa Alabi Abubakar occupies a significant place for his engagement with contemporary issues, notably the Second Gulf War (Kuwait War). His poem The Gulf War: In Whose Interest? included in the collection al-Riyāḍ and published in the Libyan journal al-Jihād, represents an important literary response to a global crisis from the perspective of a Nigerian poet. This study investigates the rhetorical and artistic techniques through which Alabi depicted the war. The analysis reveals that his poetry demonstrates a strong commitment to historical accuracy, combined with originality of expression and political awareness. His poetic vision reflects the humanitarian, social, and political dimensions of the conflict, while offering insights relevant to both literature and society. Methodologically, the research employs a historical approach to outline the poet’s intellectual background and a descriptive-analytical approach to examine the poem’s artistic imagery. The study further draws on the theoretical framework of Abdul Azeez which refers to the Modern rhetorical Studies, to highlight the aesthetic and intellectual value of Alabi poetic contribution.
Crisis of Muslim Migrants' Identity in Abdulrazak Gurnah’s novel Memory of Departure
This paper examines the crisis of Muslim migrant identity in Abdulrazak Gurnah’s novel entitled Memory of Departure (1987), highlighting the psychological, cultural, and existential struggles faced by African Muslim migrants in postcolonial contexts. Through a cultural and postcolonial lens, the study investigates how Gurnah articulates the crisis of identity of Muslim protagonists who find themselves dislocated from their African homelands and alienated within their host society, particularly Britain. The novel captures the sense of exile and displacement rooted in political oppression, economic instability, and post-independence disillusionment that force many African Muslims to seek refuge abroad. However, instead of stability, they encounter cultural marginalization, religious dissonance, and identity confusion Gurnah’s narrative reflects a complex negotiation between memory and identity, as the protagonist reimagines Africa not as a place of return but as a site of trauma and loss. These reflections underscore the emotional toll of migration and the difficulty of constructing a coherent self amid fractured cultural landscapes. The study argues that Memory of Departure presents a powerful critique of both African political realities and Western cultural hegemonies, framing the crisis of Muslim migrant identity within a broader diasporic consciousness.
Exploring the Quranic Perspective on Security: A Case Study of Surat Quraysh
In an era marked by diverse Security challenges, understanding the Quran perspective on Security assumes profound significance. This study delves into the Quran notion of Security focusing on Surat Quraysh as a primary case study. Drawing upon the textual analysis and Islamic scholarship, it examines the multifaceted dimension as depicted in the Quran with particular emphasis on the Surah. The research methods adopted in this study are analytical and historical research methods. The close analysis elucidates on how the Quran discourses emphasis on the interdependence between human communities and divine providence in maintaining Security. The research analysis of the Surah within the historical and social-political concepts reveals that the Quranic teaching on Security can be applied to contemporary Security challenges to install peace and posterity in Nigeria and the world at large.
Bridging Cultural Cognition and Engagement: Arabic Calligraphy among Chinese University Students
This study examines Chinese university students’ cognitive knowledge and engagement with Arabic calligraphy through the lenses of Cultural Schema Theory and Diffusion of Innovations Theory. A standardized questionnaire was distributed to 100 students, yielding 55 valid responses. Descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis were employed to investigate students’ cultural cognition, symbolic interpretation, and willingness to participate in calligraphy-related activities. The findings indicate that, while most students are aware of Arabic calligraphy through cultural lectures and online media, their understanding remains cursory and fragmented, with limited comprehension of its symbolic and historical significance. More than half of the participants expressed an interest in engaging in calligraphy activities; however, perceived complexity, language barriers, and a lack of contextual understanding were identified as major challenges. This research highlights the gap between passive exposure and genuine cultural assimilation. It argues that integrating structured calligraphy instruction, interactive learning experiences, and targeted institutional support may enhance cultural schema activation while reducing perceived barriers to participation. Despite its small sample size, this study provides empirical insights for universities seeking to strengthen intercultural competence and promote the preservation of Arabic calligraphy as an important cultural resource.
The Depiction of Global Events in Arabic Poetry in Yorubaland, Nigeria: Wars, Battles, Famines, and Epidemics as a Model
This research examines the poetic representation of global events in Arabic poetry in Yoruba land, Nigeria, focusing on issues of wars, battles, famines, and epidemics. It aims to reveal the extent to which poets respond to these issues and how they employ poetic art to express them in eloquent Arabic that embodies beauty and creativity. The study adopts an analytical rhetorical approach, selecting representative poetic texts from the works of prominent poets in the Yoruba literary scene. These texts are analysed in terms of imagery, music, rhetoric, and emotion. The findings indicate that Arabic poets in Yoruba land express global events with aesthetic awareness, utilizing artistic mechanisms that blend classical Arabic heritage with contemporary reality, although there is variability in quality among the poets.
The Evaluation of E-Learning Usability in Arabic Language
This study evaluated the usability of the Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) in Arabic on the Moodle platform, specifically in the context of blended e-learning at the University of Kuala Lumpur. The study sample consisted of students who had studied Arabic II and came from diverse backgrounds in learning the language. This diversity enriched the research findings and provided insights into their perspectives regarding ease of use and the usability of the technology and applications on the platform. A questionnaire tool developed based on previous research, was employed in the study and the results were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, adding credibility and objectivity to the findings. The study revealed nine key factors for evaluating the usability of the e-learning program in the context of teaching Arabic to non-native speakers. It further highlighted that the proper design of the e-learning program and the appropriate use of multimedia significantly contribute to enhancing students' understanding of the Arabic language and facilitating their interaction with it.
Cinematic Features in the Camel Trip of Abu Tammam
The current research aimed to approach a field of research that, to my mind, has not been widely explored in classical poetry, despite its significant subject matter. It aimed to discuss the classical poetry in general and the poetry of Abu Tammam in particular, from a critical perspective according to modern approaches, thus revealing the aesthetics of brilliance and astonishment that distinguished the classical poet. It also aimed to explore the cinematic techniques Abu Tammam used to transform the traditional camel's journey in Arabic poetry into a visual medium. It includes an introduction with two topics: the presence of the camel's journey in classical poetry, as well as an overview of the relationship between poetry and cinema. The first is entitled: "The Camera Shot" and the second "Cinematic Montage". A conclusion summarizes the most prominent findings of the research, which are: Classical poetry is a rich resource of cinematic manifestations, and Abu Tammam is one of the most prominent poets whose poetry incorporates these manifestations without the poet's intention. In the camel's journey, Abu Tammam focused on describing the details of all its body parts, particularly color and size. Abu Tammam depended on a sequence of shots and scenes, intercutting between them in a narrative style resembling the montage in a film to enhance the visual image. Thus, the poet was able to employ cinematic techniques in a striking manner that merits research and study. Keywords: The Camel's Journey, Abu Tammam, Camera Shot, Montage.
The Aspects of Islamic Literary Criticism in the Thought of Umar bn Al- Khattab
The Islamic literary criticism is a critical approach based on Islamic principles in analyzing and evaluating literary texts in terms of both form and content, according to the Holy Qur’an guidelines and the Sunnah of the Prophet. ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb is regarded as a central figure in Islamic literary criticism due to his rhetoric acumen, refined literary taste, and ability to distinguish between eloquent and poor speech. He guides poets and orators to uphold meaning and values. His views and stances helped establish standards of honesty, clarity, and simplicity, making him one of the foundational and early authentic examples of literary criticism in Islam. This research addresses the concept of literary criticism, its definition and characteristics in the Islamic context, the influence of Islam on literary criticism, the personality and literary taste of Caliph ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb and the manifestations of his critical thinking from social، artistic and comparative perspectives. The study presents vivid examples of his positions that illustrate features of Islamic literary criticism, his encouragement of purposeful expression. The research is structured into five main sections and adopts the descriptive-analytical method and Inductive approach in addressing the topic. Keywords: Aspects, Islamic Literary, Criticism, Thought of Umar bin Al- Khattab.
Survey on the Difficulties of Learning Arabic and Ways to Overcome Them Among First-Year Students Who Are Not Majors in It at The Centre for Languages and Pre-University Academic Development (CELPAD) At the International Islamic University Malaysia
This research aims to identify the difficulties of learning Arabic and provide suggestions for ways to overcome them among first-year non-specialized students at the Centre for Languages and Pre-University Academic Development (CELPAD) at the International Islamic University Malaysia. This goal was achieved by adopting a comprehensive research methodology that included designing an integrated questionnaire, which was distributed to a sample of students. The extracted data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the results, by calculating the percentage, arithmetic mean, and Cronbach's alpha value to assess the level of reliability. The results then showed that the most prominent challenges facing students lie in the prevailing feeling and belief that Arabic is a difficult language to learn. On the other hand, it was found that students prefer to use translation tools as a primary means of understanding Arabic texts, which indicates the need for educational strategies that support this approach and help alleviate the difficulties they face. Keywords: Difficulties, Ways to Overcome, Learning, Non-specialists, Arabic Language.
Shifting of Attention in the Interpretation of Ibn Abi al-Rabi’ al-Ishbili
The research aims to elucidate the technique of Iltifāt (shifting of attention) in the Holy Quran. It also seeks to uncover the scope and benefits of Iltifāt, highlighting its conditions, categories, and rhetorical purposes. The researcher adopted both the descriptive and inductive methodologies in this study. The research concluded with several key findings: Iltifāt has general benefits such as the artful transition from one style to another to engage the listener and protect them from monotony and boredom by avoiding a single, unchanging pattern. The conditions for Iltifāt include the requirement that the pronoun in the shifted context refers to the same subject as the original context, that the pronoun appears in two sentences, and that the addressee remains the same in both contexts. The categories of Iltifāt involve shifting from speaking in the first person to addressing in the second person, from the first person to the third person, and from the second person to the third person. Among the characteristics of Ibn Abi Rabi' Al-Ishbili's interpretation are the diversity of his sources, including books like Al-Kashshāf by Al-Zamakhshari and Al-Muwattā’ by Imam Malik. He focused on rhetorical aspects in his interpretation, linking semantics with syntax and various readings, and connecting the meanings of words with their syntax and different readings. Additionally, he avoided referencing Israeli traditions, relying mainly on Quranic texts and prophetic traditions. His interpretation extensively used rational analysis and frequently cited poetic evidence to support his interpretations. Keywords: Iltifāt, al-Quran al-Karim, Rhetorical Styles, Tafsīr of al-Ishbīli.
Interdisciplinary Approaches to Arabic Language Learning: Enhancing Engagement and Global Competence
This paper investigates the potential of interdisciplinary programs to enhance Arabic language learning by integrating it with disciplines such as business, international relations, and cultural studies. The study is grounded in empirical research conducted across several educational institutions where interdisciplinary approaches have been implemented. By analyzing quantitative data from student performance metrics, enrollment figures, and retention rates, alongside qualitative data from student and faculty interviews, the paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of these programs. The findings indicate that students enrolled in interdisciplinary Arabic programs exhibit higher engagement and improved language proficiency compared to those in traditional language courses. Furthermore, these programs have been shown to attract a more diverse student body, including those who may not have otherwise pursued Arabic studies. However, the research also identifies significant challenges, such as the complexity of curriculum design and the need for specialized faculty training. The paper concludes with recommendations for best practices in developing and sustaining successful interdisciplinary Arabic language programs, emphasizing the importance of strategic resource allocation, robust faculty collaboration, and targeted recruitment efforts. These insights contribute to the broader discourse on language education, offering a model for enhancing the relevance and accessibility of Arabic language learning in a globalized context. Keywords: Interdisciplinary Programs, Arabic Language Education, Student Engagement, Global Competence, Curriculum Design, Multidisciplinary Education
Analysis of Spelling Errors Among Students of the Department of Arabic Language Studies at Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin
Spelling has great importance and tremendous status and is the means of correcting correct writing. Despite its great importance, the problem of spelling weakness appears clearly among learners of Arabic for non-native speakers at all levels of education. Therefore, the researcher aimed to analyze spelling errors due to the presence of many obstacles and defects in the spelling skill among students of the Department of Arabic Language Studies in the second semester of the academic stage for the year 2023/2024 at Sultan Zainal Abidin University, Malaysia. To achieve this, she relied on the qualitative-analytical approach to reach the desired goal. Among its goals, she seeks to clarify the extent of students' understanding of the difference between the tied Taa and the tied Haa, and between the tied Taa and the open Taa. From the results she reached after analyzing the data, she concluded that the percentage of differentiating between the tied Taa and the tied Haa was (21.7%), and the percentage of differentiating between the tied Taa and the open Taa was (3.5%)only. Both obtained a very low percentage. Given the results mentioned; The researcher suggested that the study of spelling in Malaysia should start early, i.e. from primary school, to eliminate spelling errors to a large extent in all educational stages, while identifying their causes and developing programs to treat them in order to develop the learners’ language and their ability to write in the manner agreed upon by the language experts. Among her suggestions is also holding an annual spelling competition among students and motivating them with a certificate of appreciation. Keywords: Spelling Error Analysis - University Students
Stylistic Errors in Arabic Sentences Writing and Their Factors Among Arab Students Outside the Arab Countries "Malaysia as a Model"
This study aimed to identify stylistic errors among students of the Global Modern International School (GMIS) school, and to reveal the factors and causes that led to their occurrence. The researcher conducted this study in the second semester of the academic year 2022 AD, using the descriptive analytical approach to analyze errors, describe them and explain their causes, and applied it to a sample of (32) male and female sixth grade primary school students based on a free writing test, and the choice of writing included one topic out of three topics; the first is a trip to the beach, the second is to describe your life in Malaysia, and the third is the importance of the Internet. The most important results reached by this study are: The percentage of the size of the linguistic repertoire among the sample students reached (78%), and the percentage of stylistic errors reached (53%), combined. The total grammatical and morphological errors reached (32%). The total number of spelling errors reached (51%). The most important factors and causes of these errors were psychological factors such as: tension and haste, in addition to the effect of the English language as the language of instruction, and the effect of the Arabic dialects of the sample students, in addition to the lack of reading materials such as books, magazines, and Arabic newspapers, and the lack of time allocated to learning the Arabic language because the Arabic language is just an additional subject in the international Global Modern International School (GMIS) curriculum. Keywords: Stylistic errors, error analysis, Arabic sentence writing, error classification, Arab students
Collocations in Essay Writing by Foreign Arabic Language Learners
Collocations are an important aspect of foreign language learning; Because it greatly enhances linguistic proficiency, especially in written or spoken expression. The current study aims to explore the effect of collocations in improving written expression among learners of Arabic as a foreign language in Nigeria. Employing a quasi-experimental design, the research endeavors to assess the influence of collocations on the advancement of written expression among third-year undergraduate students enrolled in the essay writing course in the Arabic Department during the academic year 2022/2023 at Umar Musa Yar’adua University Katsina, Nigeria. The selection of participants for this essay writing exercise was conducted through purposive sampling, resulting in a sample size of seventy students. These participants were then divided into two groups: an experimental group consisting of 35 students(n=35) and a control group also consisting 35 students(n=35). Data collection was executed through pre- and post-test essay writing tasks, with subsequent data analysis relying on inferential statistics. The results indicated that there were statistically significant differences at the significance level (p=000) between the two groups in the post-test. This means that the results of the study indicate an improvement in the performance of the experimental group in terms of the content of writing, use of vocabulary in the form of collocations, and the use of language, compared to the control group in the post-test. Therefore, it can be said that collocations have an impact on the development of written expression in the form essay writing for learners of Arabic as a foreign language at Umar Musa University Katsina, Nigeria. Key Words: Collocations, Foreign language learning, lexical Approach, Essay Writing, grammar and Translation
Students’ Needs towards Learning Arabic Language Via the Electronic Network: Saraf Unit as a Model
This study aims to reveal the needs of non-Arabic students in learning the Arabic language via e-learning using morphology units as a model. This study was conducted at the University of Kuala Lumpur Business School (UniBis), where the Arabic language is a compulsory subject that students from Islamic Finance and Tourism Planning and Development programs are required to complete. The students’ needs were measured by a close-ended questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS) to find out the percentage, frequency and mean. The findings show some important results in solving students’ problems and their needs to use multimedia elements in online learning. The students are in need of learning the Arabic language via online platforms as they do not encounter many problems in using it and the use of multimedia is important to improve their understanding. Keywords: Students’ needs and problems; Morphology unit; Online learning; Multimedia elements.
The Contributions of Nigerian Writers in Translating Some Literary Works into Arabic Language
Abstract This study examines the noteworthy contributions of Nigerian writers in the translation of literary works into the Arabic language. As part of the growing global exchange of literary ideas, Nigerian authors have played a pivotal role in bridging cultural and linguistic gaps by translating their works, as well as the works of others, into Arabic. The research delves into the motivations, challenges, and impact of these literary translations, examining the impact on the reception of Nigerian literature in Arabic-speaking communities. Additionally, the study sheds light on the challenges faced by these writers in the translation process and the strategies employed to overcome them. exploring the socio-cultural context, it is also aims to shed light on the nuanced process of bringing Nigerian literature to an Arabic-speaking audience. Through this investigation, the research contributes to a deeper understanding of cross-cultural literary exchange and highlights the role of Nigerian writers in fostering linguistic diversity and cultural dialogue. Furthermore, the researcher observes that writers in Nigeria have played an active role in the translation movement, contributing to the development of the Arabic language. Notable figures include Professor Isaac Ogunbiyi, who translated a collection of Yoruba folktales from Yoruba to Arabic, titled "Folk Stories about the Turtle among the Yoruba," in 1974. The late Dr. Olalere Adigun (d. 1991) also translated an English novel into Arabic titled "The African Night Entertainment" in 1994. Additionally, Professor Masoud Raji translated an English novel into Arabic titled "The Burning Grass" in 1997. Moreso, Professor Ahmed Sheikh Abdul Salam translated a Yoruba novel into Arabic titled “Ireke Onibudo” in 1994, and Professor Mashood Mahmoud Jimba translated another Yoruba novel into Arabic titled "The Bold Hunter in the Forest of Spirits" (Ogboju Ode Ninu Igbo Olodumare) in 2002, others. This research adopts a descriptive exploratory approach and an analytical method, extracting samples from books translated into Arabic by Nigerian writers. Keywords: Literary, Translation, Arabic, Nigerian, Cultural Exchange
Semantic Changes of Selected Idioms of Islamic Civilization in Nigeria
Abstract: The focus of the linguists on the theory of semantic migration still remains constant. They discuss periodically on the relationship between indicative and the content, this is simply because the conception attached thereof by people has no limitation, while the indicative, word to describe the concept of meaning is limited in any language. This gives room to a word to migrate and develop semantically from one season to another. Sometimes word is described semantically as promoted and some other times as demoted. It is noted that the theory of conflict civilizations between human races has affected the Islamic civilization across the globe including Nigerian Muslims. This has posed a great threat on many terminologies known in the golden era of Islamic Civilization. The words that promote scholarship and intellectualism later turn to be demoted words that people are afraid to be associated with, i.e Al.Imam, Al-Jihad, almasjid, mimbar, Katateeb, Mallam, e.t.c. This paper is set to study the semantic development of some of these terminologies in the history of Islamic civilization in Nigeria; the paper is discussed in the following parts: Introduction, Semantic study of selected Islamic terminologies, Study of semantic development in the selected words, Influence of the theory of conflict civilization on the semantic demotion of the words, and Conclusion. Keywords: Semantic, Terminologies, Islamic, Civilization, Selected, Conflict
The Importance of Role-Playing in Promoting Motivation and Oral Communication among Non-Arabic Speakers
Abstract Motivation has an important role in learning a foreign language. Without it, the process of learning the language will be more difficult, and students may lose motivation and stop learning the language, on the other hand, oral communication is a great challenge, especially when they learn that language in their country, far from the original environment of the language. In this regard, studies have indicated that role-playing activities play a major role in stimulating motivation and developing oral communication among students in learning foreign languages. Therefore, this study aimed to reveal the level of motivation and oral communication among non-Arabic speaking learners after learning this language through role-playing activities. To achieve the aim of the study, the quasi-experimental approach with a single group design was used. The study included 40 Malay male and female students who specialize in the Arabic language at a public university in Malaysia. An applied model of role-playing activities taken from daily life was conducted in the classroom, and to measure the level of oral communication an oral test was used before and after the experiment. Results showed that students’ motivation was good before and after the activities, indicating satisfactory motivation levels. Additionally, the level of oral communication was significantly improved, ranging from very good to excellent after the experiment. The study also confirmed that including role play as a linguistic activity increases interaction and teamwork between students and teachers, enhances students’ self-confidence, and enables them to express their feelings. Keywords: Role-playing activities, motivation, oral communication
The Relationship between Reading Strategies and the Level of Comprehension among Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Private Arabic School
Abstract It is known that students with autism spectrum disorder face many difficulties in acquiring language skills, including reading skills, due to their delay in language development, but some of them can memorize, a strong memory, and sensitivity to different stimuli. Previous studies have indicated that research on reading strategies has been carried out widely in Western countries, as it has a great potential on discovering the impact of these strategies on comprehension and understanding in this category of students. Therefore, this research will discover the strategies of learning and reading for Arab students with autism spectrum, by adopting the qualitative field approach, and based on this, it was discovered that visual integration and interactive sensory integration have a positive impact on students' comprehension of the reading text, and therefore it is necessary to rely on visual and sensory means in order to raise their level of comprehension. Keywords: Autism spectrum, reading skills, reading strategies, reading comprehension, reading comprehension, visual and sensory integration.
A Critical Comparative Analysis of Media Trends in the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Case Study of Al Jazeera and The Washington Post
Abstract In an era where media warfare parallels armed conflict, this research scrutinizes journalistic strategies in the Washington Post and Al Jazeera English's coverage of the Arab-Israeli conflict. Utilizing Fairclough's critical discourse analysis (2003a) and Martin and White's attitudinal framework (2005), the study unveils the covert mechanisms governing evaluative language to project particular emotional and moral perspectives. Analyzing 35 news texts from each outlet, it elucidates the interplay between power dynamics, emotions, and ingrained biases. The findings indicate that media entities like Al Jazeera and The Washington Post compromise integrity for emotional engagement and sensationalism, steering public sentiment towards intolerance. Al Jazeera emerges as a stern critic of American double standards, emphasizing narratives that bolster Arab and Muslim viewpoints while condemning Israeli occupation and U.S. policies. Conversely, The Washington Post offers vibrant portrayals of American geopolitical interests, downplaying Arab and Palestinian grievances. The study underscores the critical need for journalistic integrity, advocating for a shift in conflict reporting to acknowledge the detrimental impact of emotional narratives that not only taint public discourse but also hinder peaceful resolutions. This research serves as a cautionary tale, highlighting the peril of newsrooms morphing into ideological battlegrounds, thus risking their role as promoters of truth. Keywords: Appraisal in News Discourse, Critical Discourse Analysis, Ideologies in Al Jazeera and Washington Post, Attitude in Palestinian-Israeli Conflict, the Deal of the Century
Gibran Khalil Gibran in Turkish Language (A Review of Translations of His Books and Researches on Him in Turkey)
This research contains a short sketch of Gibran’s life, his intellectual background, and a review of the translations of his works and studies on him in Turkiye. It indicates that the first translation of Gibran into Turkish was done in 1946 by Ömer Rıza Doğrul. Almost all of Gibran’s works have been translated into Turkish. As the researcher mentions, the most famous translator of Gibran is Cahit Koytak, a well-known poet in Turkiye. The researcher argues that Gibran was perceived in Turkiye, as a Sufi – sage, and, had never been considered an “eccentric”, or “alien”. Furthermore, he argues that The New Age Movement of the ‘70s might have increased translations of Gibran in Turkiye. After reviewing remarkable academic activities, the researcher determined that most of the Gibran studies in Turkish academia focus on this unique author's philosophical and religious aspects. Keywords: Kahlil Gibran, Gibran Translations, Gibran Studies in Turkiye
Architecture of Narrative Writing in Saudi Novels
Via a systematic and architectural narrative vision through which the narrative movement is trace, this research is about architecture of Saudi novels, denoting contextual patterns from the first threshold (title), symbols, signs, and icons, from the preface and chapters to the distribution of the black ink and areas, to the architecture of horizontal and vertical writing, and punctuation and pauses as well as the elements of advertising, presentation, and focalization. Saudi novels are classified into tense narrative architecture, empirical narrative architecture, and artistic narrative architecture. Keywords: novel, Saudi Arabia, narration, architecture, writing, focalization
Comparison of Four Types of Interrogative Sentences in Chinese and Arabic Language (A Grammatical Study)
An interrogative sentence is a common sentence used in daily life and communication. The main purpose of an interrogative sentence is to ask questions that the inquirer does not yet know and expects to be answered. There are many types of interrogative sentences in Chinese, mainly categorized into four types, namely general interrogative sentences, special interrogative sentences, selective interrogative sentences, and repeated interrogative sentences. While each type of interrogative sentence has its unique grammatical form and way of answering, there exist similarities among them. Question marks should be added at the end of interrogative sentences, and the tone at the end of the sentence should also go high in pitch. The topic of Arabic and Chinese interrogative sentences has been discussed and studied by many linguistic experts and researchers with many rare research results achieved. Based on previous articles on interrogative sentences, as well as the researchers’ in-depth study of Arabic and Chinese interrogative sentences, but there are very few comparative studies on Chinese and Arabic interrogative sentences. Therefore, to analyze and compare interrogative sentences in these two different languages more comprehensively, researchers will summarize, compare and analyze interrogative sentences in Chinese and Arabic. This paper first adopts a descriptive method to collect information and articles about Chinese and Arabic interrogative sentences, thus laying the quantitative foundation for the research content. The information collected in this article is mainly from grammar textbooks and books written by prominent linguists in Chinese and Arabic, journals published by linguists and researchers, and doctoral and master's theses. The paper then studies various types of interrogative sentences in Chinese and Arabic as the focus, with special attention paid to the similarities and differences presented by the two languages. Keywords: Arabic interrogative sentence, Chinese interrogative sentence, interrogative tool, comparative interrogative sentence, question type.
Arabic Maqāmāt in Light of Foreign Antiquities (An Inductive Study)
This research deals with an important subject, which takes a great place in the context of the linguistic and literary and criticism works which were the subject of foreign studies. This research is concerned with how non-Arab critics receive the ancient Arab prose. The research took the art of Arabic Maqāmāt as a model for it, as it touched the influence of this art which was famous and popularized by Badi'zaman al-Hamzani, Abu Bakr al-Hariri, and others. Their impact was evident in the global creativity map, whether in Persian, Spanish, Hebrew, or other literature. The importance of this research has been increased that it took care of the critical impact that these Arabic Maqāmāt left on foreigners where many of them pay great attention to it, as it also subjected to a distinguished critical standard, as in the case of one of the German orientalists who the search took him as evidence of that. Keywords: ancient Arabic prose - non-Arabic antiquities - influence and impact - Adam Metz
Development Stages of the Couplet of (Bulūgh al-Amal fī Tafsīl al-Jumal) through Two Editions of the Book
The research aims to study the stages of development of the couplet of (Bulūgh al-Amal fī Tafsīl al-Jumal) in the two editions of the book, where the first edition was the beginning, but Imam Al-Salmi modified and increased it in the second edition, then increased and modified after the second edition, which demonstrates that the science grows over time. The Imam also left the amendments to show that the science is gaining its ground and that the beginning is not like the end and in the end the research aims at shedding light on the differences between these versions. The sentences as well as the modifications made by Imam Al-Salmi on the first version, then the amendments he made before the second version, and then the amendments he made to the second version, that show the importance of language for Imam Al-Salmi. It became clear from this research the following results: 1- The humility of Imam Al-Salmi, as he left the original and the amendment to show the shortcomings in his original system, 2- The amendments made by Imam Al-Salmi increased the strength and integrity of the system, 3- Imam Al-Salmi’s keenness in the amendments to facilitate the matter in the student to make it easier for him to express. The research necessitates prospective work on studying the versions and showing the differences between them, which applies the language and reveals more of its secrets and shows the reasons for the difference, which facilitates the understanding of the couplet and its parsing for students of Arabic language grammar. Keywords: Stages of development, couplet, Bulūgh al-Amal, Tafsīl al-Jumal, Imam Al-Salmi
Arabic Language Rules in Forming a Scholarly Personality of Exegete
None of the scholars of the Qur’an who set the conditions that must be fulfilled by an exegete disagreed that Arabic language is one of the components of the exegete. However, their opinions differed regarding the required level of knowledge of Arabic language that the exegete should have. This research demonstrates the required level of knowledge of Arabic language, based on what scholars wrote about the origins of interpretation through induction. The research reached the most significant results as follows: (1) The scholars unanimously agreed that knowledge of the Arabic language is an essential component of the exegete, and his interpretation of the Qur’an is not valid without it, and his opinion is not accepted without it, (2) The differences in the opinions of scholars regarding the level of knowledge of Arabic language that should be obtained by the exegete and the degree which he must reach it, (3) The multiplicity of opinions of scholars in considering the Arabic sciences that the exegete should know, (4) It has been proven that the issues of the principles of interpretation that the exegete must practice in his interpretation of the Qur’an are issues related to the grammar, morphology, rhetoric, language, and logic. Keywords: rules of Arabic language, Arabic linguistics sciences, forming the exegete, conditions of the exegete, understanding the Qur’an
A Pragmatic Analysis of the Speech Act of Supplication in the Holy Quran
The current study aims at exploring the speech act of supplication in the Glorious Quran namely, the supplicants, the syntactic forms used in the Quran for supplication and its illocutionary force based on Searle's Speech Act Theory. To attain the main purpose of the current study, different syntactic forms of Quranic supplication are investigated based on the categories of the supplicants. The analysis is built upon the relationship between the addresser and the addressee, the situational context, and the lexical choices employed for supplication. Besides, the felicity conditions and the direction of fit are highlighted for explanatory purposes. Findings showed that the Quranic supplications are employed by angels, prophets, believers, unbelievers, Satan, Adam and Eve. Further, supplication is classified as a directive speech act based on Searle's taxonomy. However, the syntactic structures of imperatives, negative-imperatives, interrogatives, conditionals, and declaratives are used for the locutionary act of supplication. Thus, supplication can be classified as both direct directive and indirect directive. Keywords: Glorious Quran; supplication; Speech Act Theory; Indirect directive; direct directive
Aqqād’s Poetry in the Critical Scale of Syed Qutb
The research aims to discuss how Syed Qutb has done the critical study of Aqqad’s Poetry and how he valued its status in his critical scale. Despite mutual agreement among Poets and Critics over Aqqād’s eminent place in Prose Literature and Criticism, there is a conflict upon his status in the realm of Poetry among Critics. Whereas some of the critics including Marun ‘Abood and Mahmud Mandur consider him an average poet, some others acknowledge his eminent place in the field of Poetry but at the same time they criticise the dominance of thoughts over emotions in his poetry and the leading one among them is his genius and favourite student, Syed Qutb, who availed of his long company. Keeping in view the same, the paper is an endeavour to assess Aqqad’s Poetry on the critical scale of Syed Qutb and specify his status in the Arabic Literature with overwhelming evidence and bright proof mentioned by Syed Qutb to prove his correct stance towards Aqqad’s Poetry. The analytical and critical methodology has been followed throughout the paper. Keywords: Syed Qutb, Poetry, Aqqad, Critical Scale, Critics
Between Grammar Rules and Meaning in Weighing the Ambiguities of Syntax in Al-Bayḍawi's Interpretation
The abundance of syntactic possibilities is part of the nature of the Arabic language, and it is one of the features of the Qur’anic text. It is replete with these possibilities and syntactic models. The weighting between these syntactic faces requires careful consideration, reflection, and analysis to reach the goal. The research is based on the role of grammar rules and meaning in weighing these syntactic faces, focusing on this phenomenon in the Holy Qur’an through the interpretation of al-Bayḍāwi. The research in general relied on the qualitative approach, and in particular on a complete extrapolation of the samples of the study from the linguistic structures in al-Zahrawayn (al-Baqarah & Āli ‘Imrān) with its multiple syntactic faces. Forty samples of syntactic faces were identified, which inspires the research to go beyond the theoretical side to the applied side, through which the study was able to stand on many aspects that help to weigh between the possible syntactic faces. The grammar rules stood next to the meaning to reach the goal. What the grammar rules agreed on with the meaning was the first in the preference, unless the meaning came out to a rhetorical purpose, then the grammar rules will be looked at to find an expression that agrees with the meaning. The study also revealed that if the grammar rules and the meaning agree in more than one inflectional aspect, then the most correct meaning is the uncomplicated meaning in it, so the apparent is the first unless the meaning calls for a rhetorical joke. The study also revealed that what has no condition takes precedence over others. Keywords: syntactic possibilities, weighting, interpretation of al-Bayḍāwi, linguistic structures, meaning
The Phenomenon of Mitigation in The Contemporary Hail Dialect, a Lexicon of (Fasih Al-‘Ami in The North of Najd by ‘Abd Al-Rahman Al-Suwayda’) as a Model
Deletion is one of the most important means of mitigation in the Ha’il dialects, and the hamza in the Ha’il dialects is permissible in which three rulings are permitted: it be reduced, omitted, or replaced by Ya. Most of the deletion of the mitigation in the Ha’il dialects goes as far as deleting the hamza; Because it is from the extreme of the throat, and it is one of the strongest letters, and the substitution of the hamza ya or wawa in the chapter of mitigation is the second level of mitigation in the Ha’il dialects. The research revealed the confusion between the deletion of the hamza and its reduction in the lexicon (Faseh al-Ami in the north of Najd by Abd al-Rahman al-Suwayda). Aspects of mitigation appeared in the Ha’il dialect in five ways: 1- Deletion 2- Reducing the hamza 3- Facilitating the hamza 4- Substitution of a letter with a weaker letter such as ya and waw 5- Expansion of use in the spatial heart section 6- Elimination of convergence of homologous in the chapter on immersion 7- Substitution of a letter of the gender of another letter in the chapter on the heart The slur. This research proceeds according to the descriptive approach, which is based on the analysis of texts in the Hail region. Through the research, objectives emerged, including highlighting the cultural product of Hail, the most prominent linguistic shifts in it, and the reasons for that; And standing on the linguistic and cultural phenomena as a tributary of the tributaries that contribute to the realization of the vision of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2030.