Konsep Wang dan al-Ṣarf Menurut Perspektif Syariah

The Concept of Money and al-Ṣarf from the Shariah Perspective

Abstract

Money is an essential element in modern life. People use money as a medium of exchange in their daily transactions and generate wealth through it. However, Islam has its own perspective on the concept of money and prescribes specific rules governing currency exchange. The purpose of this study is to examine the Islamic perspective on the concept of money and the regulations of al-ṣarf (currency exchange). The study identifies data from the Qur’an, Hadith, and the opinions of scholars on this issue. The findings indicate that money functions as a measure of value and a medium of exchange in transactions. Islam does not restrict money solely to gold and silver; it may consist of other items so long as they are officially recognized and widely accepted by the public. Money is subject to zakat, as every form of income includes a portion designated for those in need. It should also be issued by the state authority to prevent manipulation by individuals. Money is classified as a ribāwī item and is therefore subject to the rules of al-ṣarf to ensure that currency exchange does not involve ribā (usury). Islam does not regard money as a commodity in itself; thus, transactions should involve real commodities and productive output.