Analisis Bentuk Penulisan Dan Kaedah Rujukan Karya Fiqh Melayu Klasik

Analysis of Classic Malay Jurisprudence's Writing Forms and Reference Methods

Abstract

The history of the development of classical Malay fiqh writings is considered to have begun in the 16th century. In its early stages, the main pattern of fiqh writing focused on community life with an emphasis on specific acts of worship. However, once the basic matters were learned and understood, more comprehensive writing efforts were undertaken in the field of worship. Therefore, the forms of classical Malay fiqh writings need to be examined more carefully and in greater depth. A study of the patterns, styles, and formats of Malay fiqh writings must be conducted holistically, and several concrete findings need to be highlighted in assessing the credibility of classical Malay fiqh literature. Accordingly, this study will examine several variations of fiqh writing in different forms and references to meet the needs of teaching and learning. As a result, the dynamism and productivity of fiqh writing developed significantly in the 19th century, with diverse formats, structures, and styles. New explorations and revisions in 19th-century writings shaped new approaches to Malay fiqh composition. Indirectly, the influence and impact of classical writings generated patterns of scholarly activity in the 20th century. This is reflected in various types of writings such as khilafiyyah, fatwas, comparative madhhab studies, legal reasoning, debates, and critiques. Nevertheless, in-depth discussions were largely confined to specific acts of worship, covering topics such as purification, prayer, fasting, zakat, hajj and umrah, aqiqah, sacrifice, and slaughtering. Consequently, the various approaches to classical Malay fiqh writing successfully shaped a relatively uniform Malay society, in which the majority of Malay juristic thought was dominated by the doctrine of the Shafi‘i school.