الإطار القانوني لحماية المناخ في ضوء الاتفاقيات الدولية وتشريعات مملكة البحرين

The Legal Framework for Climate Protection in View of International Agreements and Legislation of the Kingdom of Bahrain

Abstract

Climate change is one of the issues receiving significant attention at both the international and national levels, due to the impacts caused by climate change resulting from human activities. Among these are greenhouse gases that lead to global warming, posing risks to humans, human life in general, and all other forms of life on Earth. Therefore, it has become necessary for all countries to confront this threat. Climate change does not limit its harm to a single country or continent, but rather affects all nations of the world. For this reason, countries have made serious efforts to establish international agreements and protocols, and to issue national legislation aimed at reducing human activities that cause climate change, with the objective of protecting the climate. At present, countries are competing to implement various measures to achieve what is known as carbon neutrality. Among them is the Kingdom of Bahrain, which aims to achieve carbon neutrality by the year 2060. This paper aims to shed light on the issue of climate change and the role of national legislation and international agreements related to climate protection. The study analyses these laws and agreements, as well as the role of the Kingdom of Bahrain in combating pollution and reducing climate change through the legislation, agreements, and decisions issued in the country. The study finds that the Kingdom of Bahrain possesses an advanced legal framework related to providing legal protection for the climate and the environment in general. Bahrain’s commitment is also reflected not only in ratifying international agreements and issuing legislation, but also in establishing the Supreme Council for the Environment, which is entrusted with executive and regulatory functions, and with monitoring ministries and various state agencies in implementing environmental laws and agreements, including those related to climate protection. The study further shows that confronting climate risks through the enactment of legislation and international agreements, as well as their implementation at both national and international levels, constitutes one of the contemporary challenges facing the international community.