Malaysian NANO-An International Journal

Advancements in biomimetic nanomaterials in the activation of NFκb receptors in cancer

Aayush — 2024-08-13

Biomimetic nanomaterials are catching up in the field of oncology with the traditional methods of treating cancer. One of the main causes of cancer is the misregulation of NF-κB receptors in the body. They are essential for the DNA transcription, cytokine synthesis and cell survival. This study includes the roles of different biomimetic particles involved in the activation of NF-kB pathway that leads to cancer. Nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) transcription factors are involved in a variety of physiological processes, including innate and adaptive immunological responses, cell proliferation, cell death, and inflammation. It has been established that abnormal regulation of NF-kB and the signalling pathways that govern its activity play a role in cancer formation and development, as well as tolerance to chemo- and radiotherapy. Future treatment options in nanotech. for the treatment of cancer includes the conjugation of nanoparticles and antibodies in order to supress the activation of NF-kB receptor and the use of carbon-based nanomaterial like graphene.

Employing carbon nanocomposites for the removal of hazardous contaminants from aqueous solution

Kumar P. Senthil — 2024-08-13

Carbon nanocomposites have captured the curiosity of catalysis research and adsorption studies owing to their extremely small dimensions and shape-dependent chemical and physical properties. Metal nanomaterials and materials made of carbon, including graphene and carbon nanotube-based nanocomposites, displayed exceptional catalytic properties in organic chemical reactions. Carbon nanocomposites made from biomass are a low-cost, developing, and attractive technology for the production of surface-enhanced nanocomposites. For the elimination of all harmful pollutants, including dyes, heavy metals, emerging contaminants, and persistent organic contaminants, -based nanocomposites are utilised. As a result, the demand for carbon nanocomposites has been rising quickly, and the creation of new methods for preparing them deserves particular attention. This short review gives a comprehensive overview of several hazardous substances and their effects on the environment. Additionally, it examines the production, uses, and types of carbon nanocomposites as well as new developments in their capacity to remove organic contaminants from wastewater. In order to simultaneously remove contaminants from industrial effluent and advance the aims of environmentally friendly growth, future research is required. It's important to find an affordable technique to use carbon nanocomposites in wastewater treatment in large scale.

Synthesis of PMMA-PEG@TiO2 nanocomposite by hydrothermal and sol-gel techniques for resveratrol delivery

Jamespandi Annaraj — 2024-08-13

TiO₂ nanoparticles were prepared using the sol-gel and hydrothermal procedures in order to compare their porosity, stability, and particle homogeneity as well as their encapsulation efficiency. Alcohol is converted into gel using the sol-gel method, which involves stirring it while it's hot, then drying, powdering, and calcining it. This simple process produces high-purity products, however due to agglomeration, it also produces unpredictable particle size and shape. On the other hand, hydrothermal approach requires enormous volumes at high pressure, which makes it slow and difficult to scale up. However, it is effective in producing uniform nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were synthesized using both methods to evaluate differences in drug loading and releasing capacities. TiO₂ was chosen for its excellent biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and chemical resistance, as well as its documented anticancer activity. To prevent premature drug release, the TiO₂ nanoparticles were coated with a copolymer of Poly(methyl methacrylate) and Polyethylene glycol (PMMA-PEG), which forms a mesh-like structure that enhances drug absorption and loading capacity. The drug Resveratrol was used in this study. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyze their structural and morphological properties. These characterization results facilitated the determination of the most effective synthesis method for creating TiO₂ nanoparticles with superior anticancer activity.

Role of nanomaterials in food authentication techniques: A mini-review

Motalib Hossain M. A. — 2024-08-13

Food authentication is critical for ensuring food safety, quality, and compliance with regulatory standards. The growing complexity of food supply chains and increasing incidents of food fraud necessitate advanced and reliable methods for verifying food authenticity. Nanomaterials (NMs) have emerged as powerful tools in food authentication due to their unique physicochemical properties. This mini-review explores the application of various NMs, including metal nanoparticles (NPs), carbon-based NMs, and quantum dots, in the detection and identification of food adulteration and contamination. The review highlights recent advancements, practical applications, and future prospects of NMs in enhancing food authentication techniques. In this review, we explore the latest advancements in the application of NMs in food analysis. We summarize recent developments in NP usage for detecting contaminants in food and highlight the prospects and future directions for creating dependable devices for authentic analysis.

Comprehensive review on graphene, its synthesis, properties and applications in drug delivery

Md. Shalauddin — 2024-08-13

Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice, has garnered significant attention for its exceptional properties and versatile applications. This comprehensive review delves into the synthesis, properties, and burgeoning applications of graphene in drug delivery systems. We explore various synthesis methods, including mechanical exfoliation, chemical vapour deposition, and reduction of graphene oxide, highlighting their advantages and limitations. The review discusses graphene's remarkable mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, thermal stability, and large surface area, which contribute to its efficacy as a drug delivery platform. Furthermore, we examine the biocompatibility and functionalization strategies that enable targeted and controlled drug release. Applications in cancer therapy, gene delivery, and tissue engineering are scrutinized, demonstrating graphene's potential to revolutionize these fields. Challenges such as toxicity, scalability, and regulatory considerations are also addressed, providing a balanced perspective on the future of graphene in biomedical applications. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of graphene's role in drug delivery, paving the way for further research and development in this promising area.

Recent Advances in Biological Nanodevices and Biosensors: Insights into Applications and Technological Innovations

Neeta Shivakumar — 2024-08-13

This paper explores recent advances in the detection of viruses and metals, focusing on how biosensors are revolutionizing environmental management and healthcare. Biosensors have transformed fields such as medical diagnostics by enabling the detection of biological targets at low concentrations. Specifically, graphene field-effect transistor (FET)-based immunosensors have emerged as powerful tools for swiftly and accurately identifying biological targets, opening new avenues in these areas. Furthermore, improvements in metal detection have enabled the monitoring of electrical activity in non-excitable cells, advancing research into cancer bioelectricity and its therapeutic applications. These advancements demonstrate how nanotechnology can innovate approaches in healthcare, offering more sensitive, adaptable, and efficient methods. Additionally, progress in cellular electrophysiology holds promise for enhancing treatments in neurology, cardiology, and regenerative medicine. These advancements can lead to better patient outcomes and expedite the development of bioengineered tissues and organs with integrated electrical properties. This paper explores these groundbreaking applications of biosensors in environmental and medical sciences, highlighting their transformative potential and future directions.