IKIGAI AMONG THE PEOPLE OF LANGKAWI ISLAND
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This research has proposed to determine how Langkawi Island people perceived worthwhile life in (ikigai) the face of pandemic challenges. To assess their level of ikigai (energy or strength to continue living or moving forward), current research employs three constructs: satisfaction, significance, and happiness. A combination of modified Q-method, the Time-use Survey based on the Questionnaire A of the 2021 Survey on Time-use and Leisure Activities, the English version of Ikigai-9, and the elements of the Ikigai Venn Diagram were used to build the research instruments. The five-page Q-data sheet was distributed to 24 participants which were selected using stratified sampling. The outcome implies that not all the locals’ ikigai were affected during the pandemic. Some of them even experienced an increase in ikigai during the period. Overall, the study also confirms that being able to do what we want to do is linked with an increase in life satisfaction, significance and happiness and eventually linked to an increase in well-being.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright
Submission of a manuscript to the WILAYAH implies that the submitted work has not been published before (except as part of a thesis or report or abstract), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; that all co-authors have approved its publication. The WILAYAH : International Journal of East Asian Studies adopts CC BY license. As such, we would be grateful if an acknowledgement accompanies the republication that the work was originally published in WILAYAH. The editors will ensure digital preservation of access to the journal content by the Journal depository section.
Disclaimer
Although the Department of East Asian Studies is the publisher of the WILAYAH : International Journal of East Asian Studies, the views presented in the WILAYAH are entirely those of the contributors and do not reflect the official stand of the Department of East Asian Studies. The Department does not hold itself responsible for the accuracy of any article published. Publisher and co-publishers assume no responsibility, nor by the editors for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a result of any actual or alleged libellous statements, infringement of intellectual property or privacy rights, or products liability, whether resulting from negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any ideas, instructions, procedures, products or methods contained in the material therein.
References
Adom, Dickson, Akwasi Yeboah, and Attah Kusi Ankrah. "Constructivism philosophical paradigm: Implication for research, teaching and learning." Global journal of arts humanities and social sciences 4, no. 10 (2016): 1-9.
Alan, Carr, Positive Psychology: The Science of Happiness and Human Strengths. (Hove & NewYork: Brunner – Routledge Taylor& Francis Group, 2004)
Baumeister, Roy F., Kathleen D. Vohs, Jennifer L. Aaker, and Emily N. Garbinsky. "Some key differences between a happy life and a meaningful life." The journal of positive psychology 8, no. 6 (2013): 505-516.
Boyle, Patricia A., Lisa L. Barnes, Aron S. Buchman, and David A. Bennett. "Purpose in life is associated with mortality among community-dwelling older persons." Psychosomatic medicine 71, no. 5 (2009): 574.
DeWitz, S. Joseph, M. Lynn Woolsey, and W. Bruce Walsh. "College student retention: An exploration of the relationship between self-efficacy beliefs and purpose in life among college students." Journal of college student development 50, no. 1 (2009): 19-34.
Fido, Dean, Yasuhiro Kotera and Kenichi Asano. “English Translation and Validation of the Ikigai-9 in a UK Sample.” International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 18 (2019): 1352 - 1359.
Gordon, Mathews, "The Stuff of Dreams, Fading: Ikigai and" The Japanese Self"." Ethos 24, no. 4 (1996): 718-747.
Gordon, Mathews, "Finding and keeping a purpose in life: Well-being and Ikigai in Japan and elsewhere." Pursuits of happiness: Well-being in anthropological perspective (2009): 167-85.
Hector, Garcia. Francesc, Miralles. “Ikigai: The Japanese Secret to a Long and Happy Life” (New York, Penguin Publishing Group, 2017a).
Heisel, Marnin J., Eva Neufeld, and Gordon L. Flett. "Reasons for living, meaning in life, and suicide ideation: investigating the roles of key positive psychological factors in reducing suicide risk in community-residing older adults." Aging & Mental Health 20, no. 2 (2016): 195-207.
Jaafar, Jas Laile, Mohd Awang Idris, Jamal Ismuni, Yoo Fei, Salinah Jaafar, Zahir Ahmad, Muhammad Raduan Mohd Ariff, Bagus Takwin, and Yogi Suprayogi Sugandi. "The sources of happiness to the Malaysians and Indonesians: data from a smaller nation." Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 65 (2012): 549-556.
Kashdan, Todd B., and Patrick E. McKnight. "Origins of purpose in life: Refining our understanding of a life well lived." Psihologijske teme 18, no. 2 (2009): 303-313.
Kenichirō, Mogi, The Little Book of Ikigai: Live A Happy and Long Life the Japanese Way. (Great Britain: Quercus Editions Ltd, 2018)
Kim, Eric S., Koichiro Shiba, Julia K. Boehm, and Laura D. Kubzansky. "Sense of purpose in life and five health behaviors in older adults." Preventive Medicine 139 (2020): 106172.
Kleiman, Evan M., and Jenna K. Beaver. "A meaningful life is worth living: Meaning in life as a suicide resiliency factor." Psychiatry research 210, no. 3 (2013): 934-939.
Kok, Jin K., Lee Y. Goh, and Chin C. Gan. "Meaningful life and happiness: Perspective from Malaysian Youth." The Social Science Journal 52, no. 1 (2015): 69-77.
Kotera, Yasuhiro, Greta Kaluzeviciute, Gulcan Garip, K. McEwank, and K. J. Chamberiain. "Health benefits of Ikigai: a review of literature." New York: Current Psychology. [Google Scholar] (2021).
Marc, Winn. “What is Your Ikigai?”, 14 May 2014, https://theviewinside.me/what-is-your-ikigai/.
Mori, Kentaro, Yu Kaiho, Yasutake Tomata, Mamoru Narita, Fumiya Tanji, Kemmyo Sugiyama, Yumi Sugawara, and Ichiro Tsuji. "Sense of life worth living (ikigai) and incident functional disability in elderly Japanese: The Tsurugaya Project." Journal of Psychosomatic Research 95 (2017): 62-67.
Nakanishi, Noriyuki. ‘Ikigai’ in Older Japanese People. Age and Ageing, 28 no. 3 (1999): 323–324.
Riichiro, Ishida, "Purpose in life (ikigai), a frontal lobe function, is a natural." Psychology 3, no. 03 (2012): 272-276.
Schaefer, Stacey M., Jennifer Morozink Boylan, Carien M. Van Reekum, Regina C. Lapate, Catherine J. Norris, Carol D. Ryff, and Richard J. Davidson. "Purpose in life predicts better emotional recovery from negative stimuli." PloS one 8, no. 11 (2013): e80329.
Schippers, Michaéla C., and Niklas Ziegler. "Life crafting as a way to find purpose and meaning in life." Frontiers in Psychology 10 (2019): 2778.
Shah, Shamsul Azhar, Nazarudin Safian, Saharuddin Ahmad, Wan Abdul Hannan Wan Ibadullah, Zulkefley bin Mohammad, Siti Rohani Nurumal, Juliana Mansor, Mohd Fairuz Addnan, and Yugo Shobugawa. "Factors associated with happiness among Malaysian elderly." International journal of environmental research and public health 18, no. 7 (2021): 3831.
Sone, Toshimasa, Naoki Nakaya, Kaori Ohmori, Taichi Shimazu, Mizuka Higashiguchi, Masako Kakizaki, Nobutaka Kikuchi, Shinichi Kuriyama, and Ichiro Tsuji. "Sense of life worth living (ikigai) and mortality in Japan: Ohsaki Study." Psychosomatic medicine 70, no. 6 (2008): 709-715.
Statistics Bureau Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. “Outline of the 2021 Survey on Time Use and Leisure Activities”, 20 October 2021, https://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/shakai/2021/pdf/qua.pdf
Steven R., Brown, A Primer on Q Methodology, 1993, https://qmethod.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/brown-1993.pdf
Totok, Wahyu Abadi, Usrotin Choiriyah Ilmi, Sukmana Hendra, and Hatta Kurniawan Mohamad. "Factors affecting of lifes happiness." In In Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities (ANCOSH 2018)-Revitalization of Local Wisdom in Global and Competitive Era, pp. 41-45. Universitas Kanjuruhan Malang (UNIKAMA), 2018.
Viktor, Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning. (Boston: Beacon Press, 2006)
Wong, Paul TP. "Viktor Frankl’s meaning-seeking model and positive psychology." Meaning in positive and existential psychology (2014): 149-184.
World Happiness Report. 2022. World Happiness Report. https://worldhappiness.report/.
Yukari, Mitsuhasi, “Ikigai: A Japanese Concept to Improve Work and Life”, 2017, https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20170807-ikigai-a-japanese-concept-to-improve-work-and-life.
Zaremohzzabieh, Zeinab, Asnarulkhadi Abu Samah, Bahaman Abu Samah, and Hayrol Azril Mohamed Shaffril. "Determinants of happiness among youth in Malaysia." International Journal of Happiness and Development 5, no. 4 (2019): 352-370.