ISLAM DAN PEMBASMIAN KEMISKINAN BANDAR
Islam and the Erradication of Urban Poverty
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22452/js.vol28no3.5Keywords:
poverty, urban poverty, IslamAbstract
Urbanisation has created a disparity between the standard of living in urban and rural areas. Subsequently, more and more people are migrating from the rural areas to the urban areas due to the lure of wider economic opportunities and greater access to infrastructure and facilities. Unfortunately, massive urban migration gradually limited economic opportunities for migrants, and this has led to wide-spread urban poverty. This article will explain the phenomenon of urban poverty and discuss urban poverty eradication from an Islamic perspective. This study employs the qualitative approach by applying the inductive, deductive and comparative content analysis method where the primary data are derived from library research, as well as from previous studies. The study found that the authority and community both play an important role in addressing urban poverty. This can be addressed through several measures of poverty eradication implemented in Islam, which include correcting belief about the economy, ensuring a balance wealth distribution from the rich to the poor, and changing attitudes and motivation at the ground level. In this regard, the authority should focus on creating a balanced distribution of wealth, facilitating a strategic economic management plan, adopting priority-based economies, effective implementation of poverty eradication policies, adoption of growth strategies, improving basic facilities and focusing on institutional roles.
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References
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Hussin Abdullah & Ferayuliani Yuliyusman, ‘Kesan Kebebasan Ekonomi terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Negara: Kajian Empirikal di ASEAN-5,’ Journal of Governance and Development, vol. 6/1 (2010), 410-423.
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Katiman Rostam, Prinsip Asas Persekitaran Manusia (Bangi: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 2002).
Kurshid Ahmad, ‘Economic Development in An Islamic Framework’, dalam Studies in Islamic Economics, ed. Kurshid Ahmad (Leicester: Islamic Foundation, 1980), 43-61.
Lee Kok Chai & Wan Rozali, ‘Kualiti Hidup Sosial dan Isu-Isu Perumahan: Kajian Kes di Pulau Pinang’, dalam Isu-Isu Semasa Alam Sekitar Manusia di Malaysia, ed. Yazid Saleh, Fauziah Che Leh & Mazdi Marzuki, (Tanjong Malim: Penerbit Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 2010), 1-23.
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Martin Ravallion, ‘Poverty Lines in Theory and Practice’, Living Standards Measurement Study Working Paper, no. 33 (1998), 1-35.
Michael B. Teitz & Karren Chapple, ‘The Causes of Inner-City Poverty: Eight Hypotheses in Search of Reality’, Cityscape: A Journal of Policy Development and Research, vol. 3/3 (1998): 33-70.
Mohammad Hashim Kamali, ‘Qawa’id Al-Fiqh: The Legal Maxims of Islamic Law’ (artikel, The Association of Muslim Lawyers, UK, t.t.).
Mohd Fadzil Abdul Rashid & Ishak Ab Ghani, ‘Migrasi dan Kemiskinan Bandar: Suatu Kajian Literatur’, (Kertas kerja, Seminar Kebangsaan Pembangunan Persekitaran & Masyarakat 2007, Pulau Pinang, 17-18 Januari 2007).
Mohd Fauzi Hamat, ‘Peranan Akidah dalam Perancangan Pembangunan Ummah: Satu Analisis dalam Konteks Masyarakat Kini’, Jurnal Usuluddin, no. 16 (2002), 13-34.
Muḥammad bin Aḥmad bin Jazī al-Kalbī al-Gharnatī, al-Qawānīn al-Fiqhiyyah li Ibn Jazī (Bayrūt: Dār al-Kutub, 1998).
Muḥammad Rawwās Qal‘ajī, Mawsū‘ah Fiqh ‘Umar bin al-Khaṭṭāb (Bayrūt: Dār al-Nafash, 1989).
Muḥy al-Dīn ‘Abd al-Ḥamīd, Sabīl al-Fallāḥ fī Nūr al-Lidah (Bayrūt: Dār al-Bayrūtī, t.t.).
Muslim, Abī al-Ḥusayn Muslim Ibn al-Ḥajjāj Ibn al-Qushayrī al-Naysabūrī, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim bi Sharḥ al-Imām Muḥy al-Dīn al-Nawawī (Bayrūt: Dār al-Kutub ‘Ilmiyyah, 1991).
Naseem, Quazi, ‘Economic Morality in Islam’, Hamdard Islamicus, vol. 16/4 (1993): 32-41.
Nasikun, ‘Penanggulangan Kemiskinan: Kebijakan dalam Perspektif Gerakan Sosial’, Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, vol. 6/1 (2002): 1-16.
Nina Herlina & Mamay Komariah, ‘Peran Pemerintah dalam Pengentasan kemiskinan Kabupaten Ciamis’, Jurnal Ilmiah Galuh Justisi, vol. 5/2 (2017): 260-277.
Nor Ghani Md. Nor, ‘Dimensi Kemiskinan dan Rancangan Pembasmian Kemiskinan’, dalam Siri Kumpulan Esei: Ekonomi Pembangunan, ed. Amir Hussin Baharuddin (Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 1984), 56-72.
Norzita Jamil & Siti Hadijah Che Mat, ‘Realiti Kemiskinan: Satu Kajian Teoritikal’, Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, vol. 48/1 (2014): 167-177.
Nur Kholis, ‘Pendidikan Islam dalam Usaha Mengatasi Kemiskinan’, Jurnal Kependidikan, vol. 2/2 (2014): 1-14.
Nuruul Hidayah Mansor, S. Salahudin Suyurni & Norajila Che Man, ‘Pemerkasaan Agihan Zakat Sebagai Medium Pembangunan Masyarakat Islam’, Prosiding, Seminar Antarabangsa Dakwah dan Etnik 2014: Da’wah & Ethnicity: Multidisciplinary Perspective (Kota Kinabalu: Pusat Penataran Ilmu dan Bahasa Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 2014), 1-14.
Om Prakash Mathur, Urban Poverty in Asian (Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2014).
Rachel Pain et. al., Introducing Social Geographies (London: Routledge, 2001).
Rafidah Mohd Azli et al., ‘Aplikasi Maqasid Shariah dalam Kewangan Islam’, (Kertas kerja, Seminar Hukum Islam Semasa, Jabatan Fiqh & Usul, Akademi Pengajian Islam Universiti Malaya, 14-15 Disember 2011), 1-10.
Rawlins Wayne E. & Dzurizah Ibrahim, ‘Squatters at the Gateway of Urban Malaysia’, in Sustainable Urban Development Issues in Malaysia, ed. Nurhaslina H. (Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa & Pustaka, 2009), 34-46.
Razaleigh Muhamat @ Kawangit, Pengurusan Etika Kerja dan Perkhidmatan Islam (Bangi: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 2014).
Sayed Afzal Peerzade, ‘The Definition and Measurement of Poverty: An Integrated Islamic Approach’, The Pakistan Development Review, vol. 36/1 (1997): 87-97.
Selamah Abdullah Yusof, Rohaiza Abd Rokis & Wan Jamaliah Wan Jusoh, ‘Financial Fragility of Urban Households in Malaysia’, Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, vol. 49/1 (2015): 15-24.
Al-Shāfi‘ī, Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad Ibn Idrīs, al-Umm (Riyāḍ: Bayt al-Afkār al-Dawliyyah, t.t.).
Shaharudin Ahmad, Mikroiklim Bandar: Perkembangan dan Impak Pulau Haba Bandar di Malaysia (Bangi: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 2012).
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2020-12-31
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Abdul Rahman, M. Z., Mohamad, M. T., & Abdul Azzis, M. S. (2020). ISLAM DAN PEMBASMIAN KEMISKINAN BANDAR: Islam and the Erradication of Urban Poverty. Jurnal Syariah, 28(3), 461–500. https://doi.org/10.22452/js.vol28no3.5
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