Resensi Penghujahan ʻaqli dalam Ilmu Kalam: Kajian Terhadap Kitab Faridah al-Faraid fi ‘Ilm al-‘Aqaid

A Review of Rational Argumentation (ʿAqli) in Ilm al-Kalam: A Study of Faridah al-Faraid fi ʿIlm al-ʿAqaid

Abstract

Islam does not reject the use of rational argument (ʿaqli) as long as it remains within the boundaries of the Shariah. Discussions on rational argumentation have been elaborated by scholars to ensure that its use does not contradict Islamic law nor mislead people in understanding the teachings of Islam. This study focuses on the rational arguments employed in the book Faridah al-Faraid fi ʿIlm al-ʿAqaid authored by Shaykh Ahmad bin Muhammad Zain bin Mustafa al-Fatani. The purpose of this research is to identify the role of rational argumentation and the methods of employing such arguments by the author of the book. The use of these arguments enhances understanding in discussions related to the discipline of Ilm al-Kalam. This qualitative study analyzes documents and texts, particularly the aforementioned work. The collected data are examined using content analysis methods. The findings indicate that the rational arguments used by the author are appropriate and easily understood, and the interconnection between the rational arguments facilitates comprehension of the issues discussed. The integration of rational (ʿaqli) and textual (naqli) arguments further strengthens the overall argumentation. The findings of this study contribute to exploring and mastering rational argumentation in a manner suited to contemporary needs, particularly in the field of Ilm al-Kalam. Mastery of such arguments is essential in strengthening understanding and conviction among Muslims, enabling them to refute doubts and uncertainties, especially those related to matters of creed (ʿaqidah).